Use of Artificial Intelligence in the Search for New Information Through Routine Laboratory Tests: Systematic Review.

Background: In recent decades, the use of artificial intelligence has been widely explored in health care. Similarly, the amount of data generated in the most varied medical processes has practically doubled every year, requiring new methods of analysis and treatment of these data. Mainly aimed at aiding in the diagnosis and prevention of diseases, this precision medicine has shown great potential in different medical disciplines. Laboratory tests, for example, almost always present their results separately as individual values. However, physicians need to analyze a set of results to propose a supposed diagnosis, which leads us to think that sets of laboratory tests may contain more information than those presented separately for each result. In this way, the processes of medical laboratories can be strongly affected by these techniques. Objective: In this sense, we sought to identify scientific research that used laboratory tests and machine learning techniques to predict hidden information and diagnose diseases. Methods: The methodology adopted used the population, intervention, comparison, and outcomes principle, searching the main engineering and health sciences databases. The search terms were defined based on the list of terms used in the Medical Subject Heading database. Data from this study were presented descriptively and followed the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses; 2020) statement flow diagram and the National Institutes of Health tool for quality assessment of articles. During the analysis, the inclusion and exclusion criteria were independently applied by 2 authors, with a third author being consulted in cases of disagreement. Results: Following the defined requirements, 40 studies presenting good quality in the analysis process were selected and evaluated. We found that, in recent years, there has been a significant increase in the number of works that have used this methodology, mainly because of COVID-19. In general, the studies used machine learning classification models to predict new information, and the most used parameters were data from routine laboratory tests such as the complete blood count. Conclusions: Finally, we conclude that laboratory tests, together with machine learning techniques, can predict new tests, thus helping the search for new diagnoses. This process has proved to be advantageous and innovative for medical laboratories. It is making it possible to discover hidden information and propose additional tests, reducing the number of false negatives and helping in the early discovery of unknown diseases.

Estudo da assimetria corporal em praticantes de artes marciais através da baropodometria eletrônica / Estudio de la asimetría corporal en practicantes de artes marciales por medio de la baropodometria electrónica / Study of body asymmetries in martial arts practitioners through electronic baropodometry

OBJETIVO: O objetivo desta pesquisa foi analisar e comparar os resultados das assimetrias, entre atletas de Jiu-jitsu e Muay-thai por médio da baropodometria. MÉTODO: Participaram deste estudo 15 atletas de Muay-thai, idade 29.4±6.3 anos, experiência no esporte 8.5±4.0 anos, massa corporal 77.8±12.5 Kg, altura 178.2±8.6 cm e percentual de gordura corporal 11.2±4.9 e 16 atletas de Jiu-jitsu, idade 32.2±4.5 anos, experiência no esporte 6.3±3.4 anos, massa corporal 80±9.6 kg, altura 176±5.2 cm e percentual de gordura corporal 10.5±2.1. A presente investigação realizou medidas da pressão dos pés numa plataforma Tekscan® versão 5.1, com os indivíduos na posição ortostática. Foram analisados o percentual de força, pico de força e força de pressão plantar. Para análise estatística foi aplicado o T Students para mostras independentes e para medir o nível de significância foi utilizado o Effect Size. RESULTADOS: Os atletas de ambas modalidades apresentaram valores médios semelhantes na avaliação por baropodometria apresentando diferenças significativas entre lado direito e lado esquerdo, com valores maiores no percentual de força, sendo o maior Effect Size no Muay-thai. CONCLUSÃO: A assimetria bilateral ocorreu entre os dois tipos de lutas, entretanto, com mais ênfase no grupo referente ao grupo Muay-thai, devido possivelmente ao uso constante de golpes com os pés tanto com o pé esquerdo, quanto o direito

OBJETIVO: investigar las diferencias de los resultados entre practicantes de Jiu-jitsu y Muay-thai utilizando la baropodometria como herramienta de evaluación. MÉTODO: participaron de este estudio 15 practicantes de Muay-thai, edad de 29.4±6.3años, experiencia en el deporte 8.5±4.0 años, peso corporal de 77.8±12,5, estatura de 178.2±8.6 cm y porcentaje de grasa de 11.2±4.9 y 16 atletas de Jiu-jitsu, edad 32.2±4.5 años, experiencia en el deporte 6.3±3.4 años, Peso corporal 80±9.6 kg, estatura 176±5.2 cm y porcentaje de grasa 10.5±2.1. Para el análisis de la presión plantar fue utilizado una plataforma de baropodometria Tekscan® versión 5.1, donde los participantes se posicionaban encima del equipo en una posición bípeda para los correspondientes análisis. Fueron analizados % fuerza, pico de fuerza, fuerza de presión. Para el análisis estadístico fue utilizado el test T de Students para muestras independientes y para medir elnivel de significancia fue utilizado Effect Size (ES). RESULTADOS: Los atletas de ambas modalidades presentaron valores parecidos en la evaluación por baropodometria, presentando diferencias significativas entre lado derecho y el lado izquierdo, con valores mayores en el % de fuerza, siendo el mayor Effect Size en el Muay-thai. CONCLUSIÓN: La asimetría bilateral sucedió entre los dos tipos de deportes, por lo tanto, con más énfasis en el grupo Muay-thai, debido posiblemente al uso constante de los pies para patear tanto con el pie izquierdo como el derecho

OBJECTIVE: the objective of this research was to analyze and compare the results of the asymmetries, by baropodometry between practitioners of Jiu-jitsu and Muay-thai. METHOD: 15 practitioners of Muay-thai age 29.4 ± 6.3years, sport experience 8.5±4.0 years, body weight of 77.8 ± 12.5kg, height 178.2 ± 8.6 cm and fat percentage of 11.2 participated in this study. ± 4.9 and 16 Jiu-Jitsu athletes, age 32.2 ± 4.5years, sport experience 6.3±3.4 years. body weight 80 ± 9.6 kg, height 176 ± 5.2cm and fat percentage 10.5 ± 2.1. The present investigation carried out measurements of the pressure of the feet in a platform of baropodometry Tekscan® versão 5.1, with the participants in an orthostatic position. They were analyzed% force, force peak, pressure force. For the statistical analyzes the T Students was used for independent samples and to measure or level of significance the Effect Size was used. RESULTS: The athletes of both modalities presented similar average values in the evaluation by baropodometry, presenting significant differences between right side and left side, with higher values in% strength, being the highest Effect Size in the Muay-thai. CONCLUSION: The bilateral asymmetry happened between the two types of sports, therefore, with more emphasis on the Muay-thai group, possibly due to the constant use of the feet when kicking with both the left foot and the right foot

Effects of Concurrent Training with Elastic Tubes in Hypertensive Patients: A Blind Controlled Randomized Clinical Trial.

BACKGROUND: Concurrent training (CT) has been recommended to minimize the deleterious effects of aging. However, few studies have investigated whether this type of training reduces blood pressure in the elderly. Therefore, our objective was to evaluate the effects of CT on the hemodynamic, cardiorespiratory, and muscle strength responses in medicated hypertensive patients. METHODS: Twenty-three hypertensives (62.65 ± 6.4 years) of both sexes were allocated to the concurrent training group (CTG) or control group (CG). The CTG performed aerobic training (70-85% of reserve heart rate) combined with resistance training with elastic tubes (2sets × 15 repetitions) for 8 weeks. Resting blood pressure (BP), peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak), and right knee and elbow flexion strength were evaluated. RESULTS: A reduction of 6.37% was observed in BP and increases of 16.68% in VO2peak and 16% in muscle strength for right elbow flexion in the CTG compared to CG (p < .05). Intragroup comparisons showed reduction of 5% for BP, and increases of 6.79% for VO2peak, 24.79% for elbow flexion, and 16.47% for knee flexion in the CTG (p < .05), without significant improvement in the CG. CONCLUSION: CT promoted a reduction in BP, and increased cardiorespiratory fitness and muscular strength of the upper limbs in the hypertensive older adults.

Development of a Mobile Phone App for Measuring Striking Response Time in Combat Sports: Cross-Sectional Validation Study.

BACKGROUND: TReaction is a mobile app developed to determine strike response time at low cost and with easy application in combat sports. However, the validity and accuracy of the response time obtained by the TReaction app has not yet been evaluated. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to test the validity and reliability of the TReaction app in measuring motor response time in combat sports. METHODS: A total of two athletes performed 59 strikes to assess the response time upon visual stimulus using the TReaction app simultaneously with a high-speed camera. Accuracy of the measure was verified using a computer simulator programmed to discharge visual stimuli and obtain the response time. Pearson correlation, Student t test for dependent samples, and the Bland-Altman analysis were performed. Accuracy was verified using the intraclass correlation coefficient. Effect size (g) and the typical error of measurement (TEM) were calculated. The significance level was set at P<.05. RESULTS: No significant difference (P=.56) was found between both systems. The methods presented a very strong correlation (r=0.993). The magnitude of differences was trivial (g<0.25), and TEM was 1.4%. These findings indicate a high accuracy between the computer screen and the mobile app measures to determine the beginning of the task and the response time. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that the TReaction app is a valid tool to evaluate the response time in combat sports athletes.

Ergonomic evaluation of workload by milk production - a bibliometric analysis.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to select in a structured manner the relevant articles with scientific recognition, and simultaneously identify the characteristics of these publications that may scientifically enrich the theme in a portfolio of papers. The theme involves ergonomics in milk production as a criterion for evaluating and improving organizational performance in the milking sector. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study used ProKnow-C as a theoretical instrument for intervention. RESULTS: The main results show: i) a bibliographic portfolio of 18 items aligned with the view adopted by researchers which served as a theoretical framework for this research; ii) The article entitled "Wrist positions and movements as possible risk factors during machine milking", by Marianne Stål, Gert-Åke Hansson and Ulrich Moritz in 1999 and published in the Journal of Applied Ergonomics presented the highest scientific recognition, iii) the authors highlighted in the bibliographic portfolio or in its references researching the subject are Gert-Åke Hansson, Marianne Stål and Stefan Pinzke, and iv) the International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics shows the highest number of scientific articles in the bibliographic portfolio. CONCLUSIONS: The studies selected using the methodology indicate research in ergonomics focused on the production of milk in rural areas, specifically in the milking sector, are generally related to the health and safety of the workers.

Fallas humanas y accidentes de trabajo: una contribución de las investigaciones en prevención, control de los riesgos y accidentes / Human errors and accidents at work: contribution of accident investigations in the prevention and control of risks

RESUMEN Con el objetivo de contribuir en el control de accidentes de trabajo, esta investigación busca analizar si el estudio de los errores humanos en investigaciones de accidentes contribuye en las acciones para el control y reducción de accidentes de trabajo en una planta de sacrificios. El método de análisis utilizado fue la evaluación de los tipos de erro res humanos a través de una secuencia de preguntas donde hay siempre dos opciones de respuestas -sí o no- y conforme el trazado de las respuestas se crea un algoritmo que permite la detección del error. Los mayores porcentajes de errores fueron evidenciados en dos gru pos, órdenes de los supervisores y procedimientos inadecuados. Al contrario al resultado encontrado en el estudio, las acciones de segu ridad del trabajo están enfocadas en condiciones que no contribuyen en la prevención y control de los riesgos. Se puede concluir que la herramienta de análisis de riesgos utilizada por la empresa, además de despreciar el análisis de los errores huma nos, no soluciona de forma adecuada las causas ni las acciones levantadas en la investigación del accidente.

ABSTRACT In order to contribute to the control of industrial accidents this research seeks to analyze the study of human error in accident inves tigations contributes in actions for the control and reduction of accidents in a poultry slaughterhouse. The method of analysis was used to assess the types of human errors through a series of questions in which there are always two choices of answers, with a yes or no and as the way of answers creates an algorithm for error detection. The largest percentages of errors were found in two groups, the supervisor order and inadequate procedures. Contrary to the results found in the study, the work safety actions are focused on conditions that do not contribute to the prevention and control of risks. It can be concluded that the risk analysis tool used by the company in addition to neglecting the analysis of human error, does not address properly the causes and actions raised in the investigation of the accident.

Estudio sobre condiciones de dolor, incomodidad y enfermedad debido a la exposición al frío artificial y controlado en frigoríficos en el Brasil / Study of pain conditions, discomfort and disease due to cold exposure to artificial cold and controlled in slaughterhouses in Brazil

FUNDAMENTOS: El objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar las que jas de dolores y la temperatura superficial de la piel en tres sitios corporales localizados en las muñecas y manos (bilateralmente) de trabajadores expuestos a los ambientes artificialmente climatizados para verificar la relación de las quejas de dolor con la temperatura. MÉTODOS: Para la realización del estudio fueron recolectados datos cualitativos con el uso del cuestionario y datos cuantitativos con equipos de monitoreo ambiental y una cámara de detección de radia ción infrarroja. El estudio fue realizado con diecinueve trabajadores de un sector de un matadero de pollos. RESULTADOS: Los resultados apuntan que fueron identificadas meno res temperaturas superficiales de la piel, alcanzando un valor de 16,67 °C y fueron evidentes en los dedos de la mano que aseguran el producto, estando de acuerdo con el modelo adaptado de la ISO 11079 tratándose de una condición causadora de dolor. CONCLUSIONES: Podemos concluir que este modelo de negocio, en las circunstancias que se presentan, exponen a los trabajadores a condiciones que pueden causar malestar, dolor, accidentes y enfermedades profesionales relacionadas con la exposición al frío. Este resultado es preocupante debido a su potencial impacto en una mayor cobertura de la salud del trabajador, teniendo en cuenta que las estadísticas oficiales se refieren al crecimiento de este tipo de actividad debido al crecimiento del sector.

BACKGROUND: The objective of this research was to analyse the com plaints about pains and the surface temperature of the skin in three body sites located in the wrists and hands (bilaterally) of workers exposed to artificially conditioned environment to verify the relation ship of pain complaints with the temperature. METHODS: To conduct the study qualitative data were collected using a questionnaire and quantitative data using environmental monitoring equipment and an infrared radiation detecting camera. The study was carried out with nineteen workers in a chicken slaughterhouse sector. RESULTS: The results indicate that the lower surface temperatures of the skin reached 16,67 °C, were highlighted on the fingers that hold the product, considered according to the adapted model of ISO 11079 as a condition causing pain. CONCLUSION: Therefore, it can be concluded that this business model, under the presented circumstances, expose workers to conditions that may cause discomfort, pain, accidents and occupational diseases related to exposure to cold. This result is worrying due to its potential impact on the worker's health and greater coverage, considering that that official statistics refer to the growth of this type of activity due to the sector's expansion.

Incomodidad corporal, carga física y nivel de flexibilidad en trabajadores del sector administrativo de una institución de enseñanza superior en Florianópolis, del sur de Brasil / Body discomfort, cargo physical and flexibility in level workers in the administrative sector a higher education institution in southern Brazil

RESUMEN El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar el perfil de los funcionarios de una oficina de una institución de enseñanza superior con relación a las tareas desarrolladas y a sus manifestaciones de dolor, incomodidad corporal. Hicieron parte de este estudio 41 funcionarios que desempeñan sus actividades laborales en posición sentada. Los instrumentos utilizados en la colecta de datos fueron: la escala de Dolor o incomodidad corporal, o método RULA y el banco de Wells. Los datos fueron analizados por medio de estadística descriptiva (media, desviación estándar, frecuencia relativa) y estadística inferencial. En cuanto al análisis de las posiciones de los diferentes segmentos se observó que ninguna posición fue considerada aceptable; en pocas palabras, todas las posturas generan un riesgo a la salud del trabajador. Consideramos de esta manera un perfil negativo de los funcionarios del presente estudio con relación a la presencia de manifestación de dolor, incomodidad corporal, posiciones y sobrecarga biomecánica durante la realización de tareas y nivel de flexibilidad corporal. Que separadamente o en conjunto causan riesgo a la salud del trabajador afectando posiblemente su desempeño y calidad de vida.

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to identify the profile of the employees of a Secretary of an Education Institution with regard to the complaint of pain and discomfort body. Participants were 41 employees who perform their work activities in sitting on computerized terminals. The instruments used in data collection were: Scale of Pain and/or Discomfort Body, RULA method, Wells's seat. The data were processed using descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, relative frequency) and inferential. The analysis of the attitudes of different segments was observed that no position was considered acceptable, it means, all postures generate risk on health of the worker. It is thus a negative profile of employees of this study with regard to the complaint of pain and discomfort body postures and biomechanical overload during task performance and level of body flexibility, which separately or together may cause risks to health worker possibly affecting their performance and quality of life.

Effect of low back pain on postural stability in younger women: influence of visual deprivation.

SUMMARY: This study investigated the effect of low back pain (LBP) on body balance during normal and visual deprivation during standing in a LBP group (10 women) and a control group (10 women). A 3-D force plate was used to measure the center of pressure (COP) anteroposterior and mediolateral displacements, and resultant velocity. ANOVA was used to compare situations. LPB group presented higher amplitudes of COP for anterioposterior direction (p<0.01) in conditions of open (3.07 ± 0.53 cm) and closed eyes (3.70 ± 0.71 cm) than healthy women (1.39 ± 0.17 cm and 1.75 ± 0.36 cm, for open and closed eyes, respectively). Similar results were found for COP involving mediolateralsway. The resultant COP velocity was larger for LBP group (p<0.05) when visual information was removed (3.03 ± 0.68 m/s and 3.63 ± 1.33 m/s for LBP and healthy women, respectively). LBP influenced the stability of young women during quiet standing, and the visual deprivation appears to reinforce LBP effects.